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1) Look at the following tables. Complete the table for the verb 'take'.
Some linguistic background - phrasal verbs
A phrasal verb is an idiom (collocation + metaphor), but it is always
made up of (!) a verb with one or more prepositions,
creating a
completely new semantic unit.
English has many such phrasal verbs, which are metaphorical and
therefore have to be translated according to the meaning of the whole
and not of their separate elements.
Not every verb which is followed by a preposition is a phrasal verb
with idiomatic (metaphorical) meaning,
e.g. 'To pick up something from the floor' is not a phrasal verb.
'To pick up a present' is a phrasal verb.
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2) Translate the following sentences. Pay special attention
to the underlined items (phrasal verbs).
1) We were held up in the traffic jam.
2) I've given up all hope of ever winning the lottery.
3) He's too stubborn to give in.
4) Boys often look up to top athletes.
5) People are often taken in by attractive ads.
3) Read the passage below.
 a) Copy 10 phrasal verbs and write the translation next to each. Use
your dictionary where necessary.
Me and the Masters
Last summer I went on a trip to Europe. I had counted on my friend coming along
with me but at the last moment it turned out that he couldn't take off from work. I
wanted to call the trip off but my parents talked me into going ahead with my original
plans.
Of all the places I visited, I enjoyed Italy most. I spent hours in the famous museums
of Florence. Though I don't especially go in for Renaissance art, I was standing in
awe, overwhelmed by the abundance of superb exhibits and the sheer genius of the
Great Masters.
By the time I got to Rome, I was running out of funds and had to cut my trip short.
My parents offered to send me some money, but I turned their offer down though I
did manage to pick up a little present for them before I went home.
I know I'll be back some day. Arrivederci Roma!
b) Translate it.
4) Read the passage below. It is the first paragraph of a passage which you will
continue in unit 11c.
a) In the table below, copy all the items which present a problem of
translation of semantic fields / gridding / voids and of metaphor / idiom /
phrasal verbs.
Only a Madman Would Choose to Live in a Large Modern City
I
"Avoid the rush-hour" must be the slogan of large cities the world over. If it is, it's
a slogan no one takes the least notice of. Twice a day, with predictable regularity,
the pot boils over. Wherever you look it's people, people, people. The trains which
leave or arrive every few minutes are packed: an endless procession of human
sardine tins. The flow of traffic goes on day and night, without any distinction.
The queues for buses reach staggering proportions. It takes ages for a bus to get
to you because the traffic on the roads has virtually come to a standstill. Even
when a bus does at last arrive, it's so full it can't take any more passengers.
b) Translate the paragraph.
5) Write 2 item analyses 1 from each column of the table above..
Item from column 1
Item from column 2
To sum up
Phrasal verbs are always composed of a verb and one or more
prepositions. They are metaphorical expressions similar to idioms -
they are treated as one semantic unit.
You have now covered the major areas in semantics. The next 2 units
will provide additional practice of the material you have covered.
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